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Why MFD 38 µm and NA 0.5 Matter in 2 µm Fiber Amplifiers

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For clinics investing in 2 µm thulium fiber laser platforms, the NKT Photonics DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm double‑clad fiber’s 38 µm mode field diameter (MFD) and ≥0.5 numerical aperture (NA) are central to high‑peak‑power scaling because they lower core intensity and stabilize single‑mode operation, helping suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and self‑focusing at ~1960 nm. This reduces nonlinear limits, protects core integrity, and extends amplifier lifetime, which directly impacts ROI for high‑ticket surgical and aesthetic laser systems built on this architecture.

What it does and ideal clinic profile

The NKT DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm is a single‑mode, polarization‑maintaining, double‑clad thulium‑doped fiber designed for high‑power operation around the 2 µm band. It features:

  • Signal core with MFD ≈ 38 µm at ~1930 nm, giving a mode area >900 µm².
  • Large NA multimode pump cladding (NA ≥ 0.5 at 800 nm) with high pump absorption (~5.5 dB at 793 nm, ~1.35 dB/m at 1180 nm), enabling efficient diode pumping.
  • Polarization‑maintaining structure (Δn ≥ 1×10⁻⁴ at 2 µm), plus Coil Control guidance to ensure stable coiling and mode stability.

In practice, this fiber acts as the gain backbone in 2 µm fiber amplifiers used in surgical and aesthetic systems for applications such as soft‑tissue ablation, ENT surgery, and certain dermatologic procedures, where water absorption peaks near 2 µm are advantageous.

Ideal adopters include:

  • OEMs and advanced clinics collaborating on custom 2 µm fiber laser heads or upgrading existing platforms to higher peak powers.
  • Centers requiring narrow‑linewidth, polarization‑stable beams for precision surgical cuts or high‑end dermatologic resurfacing.
  • R&D‑savvy clinic owners partnering with integrators, where amplifier physics and nonlinear suppression directly influence clinical uptime and asset lifespan.

ALLWILL can assist these buyers by sourcing DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm‑based systems (new or CPO), vetting amplifier subassemblies, and aligning fiber specifications with clinical operating profiles and warranty expectations.

Technical core: MFD 38 µm and NA 0.5 in suppressing SBS and self-focusing at ~1960 nm

SBS fundamentals in 2 µm thulium fiber amplifiers

Stimulated Brillouin scattering is a nonlinear acousto‑optic process where intense forward‑propagating light generates acoustic waves in the fiber core, which in turn scatter light backward as a narrowband Stokes wave. Above a certain intensity threshold, SBS causes strong backreflection, gain depletion, and potential damage to components.

The SBS threshold power P_th in a single‑mode fiber amplifier can be approximated by:

P_th ∝ A_eff / (g_B · L_eff)

where A_eff is effective mode area, g_B is the Brillouin gain coefficient, and L_eff is effective interaction length. At fixed wavelength and fiber composition, increasing A_eff is one of the most direct ways to raise SBS threshold.

The DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm’s 38 µm MFD corresponds to an effective area A_eff greater than 900 µm², substantially larger than standard single‑mode fibers at shorter wavelengths. This reduces on‑axis intensity for a given power, shifting SBS onset to higher powers and allowing more headroom for peak‑power scaling at ~1960 nm without crossing nonlinear limits.

NA 0.5 pump cladding and its role

The fiber’s multimode pump cladding has NA ≥ 0.5, enabling efficient coupling of lower‑brightness diodes and high pump absorption (~5.5 dB at 793 nm). While NA primarily characterizes pump guidance, its combination with large mode area for the signal has several engineering consequences:

  • High pump NA allows flexible coupling geometries, reducing constraints on pump optics while still achieving strong inversion across the large signal core.
  • Efficient pump absorption over relatively short lengths helps limit effective interaction length \(L_{\text{eff}}\), further contributing to higher SBS thresholds.
  • Double‑clad geometry with robust pump guidance supports high total pump power without needing extreme coiling or tight bends, avoiding bend‑induced mode area compression that would otherwise increase intensity.

Self-focusing and non-linear envelope

At 2 µm, the nonlinear refractive index \(n_2\) and long interaction lengths make self‑phase modulation (SPM) and self‑focusing significant in high‑peak‑power amplifiers. Self‑focusing arises when the Kerr effect causes refractive index changes proportional to local intensity, potentially driving the beam into a smaller effective area, which increases intensity further and exacerbates damage risk.

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A large mode area mitigates this by:

  • Lowering peak intensity for a given pulse energy, reducing Kerr‑induced phase shifts and the tendency toward catastrophic self‑focusing.
  • Stabilizing fundamental mode propagation, especially when combined with polarizing, single‑mode design and Coil Control to prevent mode coupling.

Mathematically, the nonlinear phase shift ϕ_NL over length L scales as:

Hence, increasing A_eff (via 38 µm MFD) reduces γ and therefore ϕ_NL at given power, directly curbing SPM and self‑focusing tendencies.

Mid‑article CTA: Request a quote from ALLWILL for DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm‑based amplifier modules or full laser heads, including indicative pricing, CPO availability, and engineering support to match fiber parameters to your clinical workload.

Revenue and operational impact & payback math

Price ranges and cost components

DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm is a specialty R&D‑grade thulium‑doped fiber used in high‑power amplifier chains; OEM fiber pricing is typically not public, but market estimates for similar large‑mode‑area, polarization‑maintaining double‑clad fibers suggest:

  • Bare fiber cost: approximately USD 150–400 per meter, depending on order size and configuration.
  • Typical amplifier lengths: 5–20 m of active fiber, implying fiber BOM in the USD 750–8,000 range per amplifier stage.

In integrated clinical systems, this fiber cost is embedded within:

  • Full 2 µm surgical or dermatologic laser platforms priced in the approximate USD 120,000–350,000 range for new units, depending on power, beam delivery, and regulatory approvals.
  • Certified pre‑owned systems at roughly 40–70% of new pricing, contingent on fiber and amplifier health, hours, and service history.

Payback scenarios

Consider a clinic acquiring a 2 µm surgical laser based on DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm architecture:

  • Device capital cost: estimated USD 180,000 for a new, mid‑range platform.
  • Annual procedure volume: 300–500 cases (ENT, soft‑tissue surgery, high‑value aesthetic resurfacing) with blended net margin of USD 600–1,000 per case.

Annual contribution margin: USD 180,000–500,000, making payback plausible within 12–36 months, assuming reasonable utilization.

The large MFD and SBS‑resistant architecture contribute to ROI by:

  • Reducing catastrophic amplifier failures and extended downtime associated with SBS‑induced damage.
  • Supporting higher peak powers and pulse energies without crossing nonlinear thresholds, enabling advanced procedural modes that command premium pricing.
  • Lowering maintenance frequency for the gain stage, as core degradation from repeated high‑intensity events is less likely.

For certified pre‑owned units:

  • Capital outlay might drop to USD 90,000–200,000, but buyers must factor in remaining fiber life, documented SBS history, and service records to avoid “cheap but fragile” amplifiers.

ALLWILL’s Smart Center can help clinics quantify payback under different procedure mixes and utilization rates, using realistic assumptions about amplifier uptime and nonlinear risk management.

Differentiated advantage and higher-ticket rationale

Comparison to conventional large-mode-area fibers

Standard large‑mode‑area fibers used for 1–1.5 µm amplifiers often have smaller MFDs and different NA/core designs, limiting direct applicability at 2 µm where SBS and self‑focusing are more pronounced. Research has shown that nonuniform large‑mode‑area fibers and specialty dopant profiles can achieve several dB of SBS suppression relative to conventional designs.

DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm differentiates itself by offering:

  • Single‑mode behavior at 2 µm with MFD ~38 µm, delivering both large area and Gaussian beam quality.
  • Polarization‑maintaining structure optimized for 2 µm, ensuring stable linear polarization—important for many surgical and aesthetic applications requiring precise energy delivery.
  • High NA pump cladding with strong absorption, allowing compact amplifier designs without long fiber runs that worsen SBS and other nonlinearities.

Alternative solutions include:

  • Custom SBS‑suppressed fibers with multi‑layer dopant cores designed specifically to lower Brillouin gain.
  • Multimode fibers with wavefront‑shaping strategies to suppress SBS and transverse mode instability while controlling output profile.

These approaches are powerful but may introduce complexity in control and alignment. DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm offers a simpler single‑mode, PM path to high power at 2 µm, making it attractive for OEMs and clinics seeking robust, maintainable systems.

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ALLWILL’s role is to help buyers understand these trade‑offs, ensuring that the chosen fiber architecture aligns with their tolerance for complexity, service capacity, and long‑term asset strategy.

Practical BME Technical Maintenance Checklist (for DC-250/50-PM-Tm-based systems)

Because the title and content focus on technical specs, nonlinear physics, and architecture, the mandated decision aid here is a BME Technical Maintenance Checklist rather than a cost comparison table. Biomedical and laser engineers can use this checklist to protect amplifier health and SBS margin.

DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm 2 µm Fiber Amplifier Maintenance Checklist

  1. Fiber geometry and coiling
    • Verify coiling diameter within manufacturer recommendations (e.g., ~40–50 cm), respect Coil Control guidance for in‑plane coiling.
    • Inspect coils periodically for crossing or twist that might induce mode area compression or polarization drift.
  2. Pump and seed parameters
    • Confirm pump wavelengths (e.g., ~793 nm, ~1180 nm) and powers remain within specified limits; log cumulative pump hours.
    • Monitor seed linewidth; broader linewidth can increase SBS threshold but must be managed relative to system design.
  3. SBS monitoring and thresholds
    • Implement backreflection monitoring at amplifier output; record events approaching calculated SBS threshold based on \(A_{\text{eff}}\) and \(L_{\text{eff}}\).
    • Adjust operating conditions (power, duty cycle, temperature) when backscattering trends increase, to preserve SBS margin.
  4. Thermal and environmental control
    • Maintain ambient and chassis temperatures within manufacturer limits to avoid changes in Brillouin gain and refractive index profile.
    • Ensure vibration and mechanical shock are minimized to maintain coil stability and polarization extinction ratio.
  5. Inspection and documentation
    • Document fiber serials, lengths, and splicing records; track any repairs or splice replacements that might alter effective length.
    • For CPO systems, obtain prior SBS event logs, repair histories, and fiber age data to assess residual lifetime.

By embedding this checklist into routine maintenance and procurement documentation, clinics and OEMs can protect amplifier integrity, prolong asset life, and maintain predictable nonlinear margins.

ALLWILL can provide tailored versions of this checklist with device‑specific parameters for each sourced system, supporting internal BME teams with practical, auditable maintenance protocols.

Compliance and asset protection

2 µm fiber amplifiers based on DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm typically form part of regulated medical laser systems, which must comply with device‑level standards (e.g., IEC laser safety, FDA or CE device approvals) rather than fiber‑level clearances. Clinics should:

  • Verify that the complete laser system, not just the fiber, holds appropriate regulatory approvals for intended medical indications in their region.
  • Ensure that any upgrades or service work (e.g., fiber replacement, amplifier modifications) are documented and, where needed, validated by the OEM or an authorized integrator.
  • Maintain detailed records of fiber serial numbers, installation dates, and maintenance interventions to support audits and warranty claims.

For certified pre‑owned systems:

  • Confirm in writing that amplifier performance tests (including SBS margin checks) have been performed and that active fiber meets manufacturer specifications.
  • Obtain documentation of prior operating hours, major repairs, and any nonlinear‑related incidents (e.g., backreflection events) that could shorten remaining lifetime.

ALLWILL can facilitate this documentation trail, but clinics should treat it as part of their own compliance archive, especially for high‑ticket assets central to surgical and aesthetic services.

Procurement risks to avoid and ALLWILL Expert View

Key risks

  • Undervaluing nonlinear margins: Choosing amplifiers based solely on peak power ratings without understanding SBS thresholds and self‑focusing risk can lead to frequent trips to nonlinear limits, accelerating fiber aging and downtime.
  • Ignoring fiber‑specific maintenance needs: Failing to follow Coil Control and coiling recommendations, or neglecting pump/seed logging, undermines the benefits of MFD 38 µm and high NA design.
  • Buying CPO units without nonlinear history: Acquiring pre‑owned 2 µm systems without access to detailed SBS event logs or fiber replacement records may result in assets that are technically operational but close to nonlinear fatigue limits.

ALLWILL Expert View: Turning fiber physics into a defendable capital decision

For many clinic owners, amplifier architecture feels abstract compared with visible features like handpieces or treatment modes. Yet in 2 µm systems, the active fiber is the single component most responsible for uptime and nonlinear headroom. A pragmatic procurement strategy starts by asking three questions: What peak power and pulse formats do we genuinely need? How often will we operate near those limits? And what evidence do we have that the chosen fiber design—MFD, NA, polarization properties—has been tested under similar conditions? When answers align with fibers like DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm, which combine large mode area, strong pump guidance, and single‑mode, PM behavior, clinics can reasonably expect fewer nonlinear surprises and longer amplifier lifetimes. The next step is to demand documentation: SBS threshold modelling, coiling guidelines, maintenance logs for any CPO units, and clear replacement criteria. ALLWILL’s contribution is to make that documentation easy to obtain and compare across vendors, so owners can justify choosing a slightly more expensive but more resilient architecture when questioned by finance, regulators, or accreditation bodies.

Closing CTA: Request a quote from ALLWILL for DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm‑based systems or modules, including technical documentation packs, nonlinear margin summaries, and CPO inspection reports tailored to your clinical use case.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical price range for systems using DC-250/50-PM-Tm fiber?

Integrated 2 µm medical laser platforms built on DC‑250/50‑PM‑Tm or similar fibers generally sit in the estimated USD 120,000–350,000 range for new units, depending on power, beam delivery, and regulatory approvals. Certified pre‑owned systems may be available around 40–70% of new pricing, contingent on amplifier and fiber condition.

How do new systems compare to CPO units in terms of amplifier reliability?

New systems offer full OEM warranty, known fiber age, and documented nonlinear margins. Certified pre‑owned units can be reliable when accompanied by thorough inspection, SBS event logs, and, ideally, recent fiber replacement, but buyers must not assume equivalent lifetime without written evidence. Requesting a detailed CPO inspection summary is critical.

What warranty coverage should we expect for the fiber amplifier stage?

OEMs typically cover amplifier modules, including active fiber, against manufacturing defects for a defined period, while excluding wear from normal high‑power use. Clinics should secure written terms on amplifier warranty, replacement costs, and conditions that could void coverage, and integrate these into asset management plans.

Does MFD 38 µm and NA 0.5 change our maintenance obligations?

Yes, the architecture is optimized for high power, but it assumes proper coiling diameter, environmental stability, and pump management. Following manufacturer Coil Control guidelines, logging pump and seed parameters, and monitoring backreflection are essential to realize the intended nonlinear suppression benefits.

What is a realistic payback period for investing in a DC-250/50-PM-Tm-based 2 µm system?

For clinics performing several hundred high‑margin procedures per year, payback in 12–36 months is realistic, assuming adequate utilization and minimal nonlinear‑driven downtime. Modeling this against capital cost and maintenance expectations—often with support from ALLWILL—can validate the investment before purchase.

References

  1. DC-250/50-PM-Tm Single-Mode, PM Double-Clad Tm Fiber Datasheet
  2. Single-Mode, PM Double-Clad Tm Fiber – NKT Photonics
  3. Suppressing Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Fiber Amplifiers Using Nonuniform Large Mode Area Fiber
  4. SBS Suppression in Fiber Amplifiers with a Broadband Seed
  5. Spatial Control of Nonlinear Interactions in Multimode Fibers
  6. Mitigating Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Multimode Fibers with Focused Output via Wavefront Shaping
  7. Optimal Input Excitations for Suppressing Nonlinear Instabilities in Multimode Fibers
  8. Nouvelle Source Laser pour des Applications en Neuroscience (Includes DC-250/50-PM-Tm Characteristics)
  9. SBS-DC-20/125-1550PM SBS-Suppressed Optical Fiber – FORC Photonics Data
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(e) Notice and Inspection. The limited warranties contained in this Section 8 are made on condition that immediate written notice of any noncompliance with the Equipment’s and/or the Service’s warranty be given to MRP, and provided that MRP’s inspection reveals that Buyer’s claim is valid under the terms of such warranty.

        9.  DISCLAIMERS; NO OTHER WARRANTY. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 8(c)(i)(D), BUYER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT MRP IS NOT BOUND BY ANY WARRANTY THAT MAY BE SET FORTH IN A MANUFACTURER’S WRITTEN MATERIALS THAT WOULD HAVE APPLIED HAD BUYER PURCHASED THE EQUIPMENT DIRECTLY FROM THE MANUFACTURER IN ITS UNUSED STATE. BUYER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT BUYER HAS NOT RELIED UPON ANY WARRANTY OTHER THAN AS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT. IN ADDITION, BUYER ALSO HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY ORAL OR WRITTEN STATEMENTS CONCERNING USE AND REGULATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES SOLD BY MRP ARE AND SHALL BE CONSTRUED AS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OR ASSURANCE BY MRP AS TO THEIR ACCURACY OR VALIDITY. MRP ALSO HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES REGARDING OTHER MEDICAL CARE OR HELP, INCLUDING THE SELECTION OF AESTHETIC AND MEDICAL PROCEDURES AND PRODUCTS FOR, OR CARE OF, PATIENTS. THE LIMITED WARRANTIES OF THIS AGREEMENT, IF APPLICABLE TO ANY EQUIPMENT OR SERVICE FURNISHED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, CONSTITUTE THE ONLY WARRANTIES MADE WITH RESPECT TO THE EQUIPMENT AND/OR SERVICE AND ANY DEFECT, DEFICIENCY OR NONCONFORMITY. TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, SUCH WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED BY LAW, COURSE OF DEALING, COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, USAGE OF TRADE OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, TITLE, NONINFRINGEMENT OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

        10.  LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS AGREEMENT, UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL MRP BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, ARISING FROM, RELATED TO OR CAUSED, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, WHETHER FORESEEABLE OR NOT, BY THE EQUIPMENT AND/OR THE SERVICES, THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE EQUIPMENT, THE RESULTS GENERATED FROM THE EQUIPMENT AND/OR THE SERVICES, THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER ACT OR OMISSION OF MRP, OR BASED UPON ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY. IN NO EVENT SHALL MRP BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSSES OF REVENUE, USE, BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY, PROFIT, SAVINGS OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES DUE TO ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER, EVEN IF MRP OR ITS AGENTS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. THE FOREGOING IS A SEPARATE, ESSENTIAL TERM OF THIS AGREEMENT, AND SHALL BE EFFECTIVE UPON THE FAILURE OF ANY REMEDY, EXCLUSIVE OR NOT. IN NO EVENT WILL MRP’S TOTAL LIABILITY UNDER THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE ACTUALLY PAID TO MRP BY BUYER FOR THE EQUIPMENT AND/OR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM FOR WHICH DAMAGES ARE BEING SOUGHT. NO SUIT OR ACTION MAY BE BROUGHT BY BUYER, ITS SHAREHOLDERS, DIRECTORS, MANAGERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS FOR ANY BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT MORE THAN ONE (1) YEAR AFTER THE ACCRUAL OF SUCH CAUSE OF ACTION. IT IS AGREED THAT MRP’S LIABILITY IS SO LIMITED. WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF THE FOREGOING, BUYER ASSUMES ALL RISK AND LIABILITY FOR THE RESULTS OBTAINED BY THE USE OF ANY EQUIPMENT IN THE PRACTICE OF ANY PROCESS, WHETHER IN TERMS OF OPERATING COSTS, GENERAL EFFECTIVENESS, SUCCESS OR FAILURE, AND REGARDLESS OF ANY ORAL OR WRITTEN STATEMENTS MADE BY MRP, BY WAY OF TECHNICAL ADVICE OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE USE OF THE EQUIPMENT.

        11.  BUYER’S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. Buyer represents and warrants to MRP that: (a) Buyer is duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing in the jurisdiction of Buyer’s formation; (b) Buyer is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which such qualification is required; (c) Buyer has the full right, power, and authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform Buyer’s obligations under this Agreement; (d) the execution of this Agreement by the person whose signature is set forth at the end hereof has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of Buyer; (e) when executed and delivered by each of MRP and Buyer, this Agreement will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of Buyer, enforceable against Buyer in accordance with its terms; (f) Buyer is in compliance with all applicable laws relating to this Agreement, the Equipment and the operation of Buyer’s business; (g) Buyer is not insolvent and is paying all of its debts as they become due; and (h) all financial information that Buyer has provided to MRP is true and accurate and fairly represents Buyer’s financial condition.

        12. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS.

(a) Ownership. No sale shall be construed as granting to Buyer any license or other right in, or to, any of MRP’s (i) patents; (ii) trademarks; (iii) internet domain names, whether or not trademarks, registered by any authorized private registrar or governmental authority, web addresses, web pages, websites and URLs; (iv) works of authorship, expressions, designs and design registrations, whether or not copyrightable, including copyrights and copyrightable works, software and firmware, technical data, data files, and databases and other specifications and documentation; (v) trade secrets; (vi) environmental or other testing applicable to the Equipment and/or the Services; and (vii) industrial and other intellectual property rights, and all rights, interests, and protections that are associated with, equivalent or similar to, or required for the exercise of, any of the foregoing, however arising, in each case whether registered or unregistered and including all registrations and applications for, and renewals or extensions of, such rights or forms of protection pursuant to the laws of any jurisdiction throughout in any part of the world (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”).

(b) Prohibited Acts. Buyer shall not (i) take any action that might interfere with any of MRP’s rights in or to Intellectual Property Rights, including MRP’s ownership or exercise thereof; (ii) challenge any right, title, or interest of MRP in or to the Intellectual Property Rights; (iii) make any claim or take any action adverse to MRP’s ownership of the Intellectual Property Rights; (iv) register or apply for registrations, anywhere in the world, for MRP’s trademarks or any other trademark that is similar to MRP’s trademarks or that incorporates MRP’s trademarks in whole or in confusingly similar part; (v) use any mark, anywhere that is confusingly

similar to MRP’s trademarks in whole or in confusingly similar part; (vi) engage in any action that tends to disparage, dilute the value of or reflect negatively on the Equipment and/or the Services or any of MRP’s trademarks; (vii) misappropriate any of MRP’s trademarks for use as a domain name without prior written consent from MRP; or (viii) alter, obscure or remove any of MRP’s trademarks, or trademark or copyright notices or any other proprietary rights notices placed on the

Equipment, marketing materials or other materials that MRP may provide.

        13.  CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. Without the prior written consent of MRP,Buyer, directly or indirectly, shall not disclose (and will direct its directors, shareholders, employees and agents not to disclose) any Confidential Information. The term “Confidential Information” means any information of or relating to MRP or the Equipment and/or the Services not generally known to the public (other than as a result of disclosure in violation of this Agreement) in spoken, printed, electronic or any other form or medium, including, but not limited to, business processes, practices, methods, policies, plans, publications, documents, research, operations, services, strategies, techniques, agreements, contracts, transactions, potential transactions, know-how, trade secrets, databases, manuals, records, supplier information, financial information, accounting information, legal information, marketing information, pricing information, payroll information, personnel information, and supplier lists.

        14.  NON-SOLICITATION. Buyer agrees not to solicit or hire any personnel of MRP involved with the delivery of the Services during the provision of such Services and for twelve (12) months after the completion of such Services; provided, however, that Buyer may hire individuals employed by MRP who, without other solicitation, respond to advertisements or solicitations aimed at the general public.

        15.  EQUITABLE REMEDIES. Buyer acknowledges and agrees that (a) a breach or threatened breach by Buyer of any of its obligations under Sections 13 or 14 would give rise to irreparable harm to MRP for which monetary damages would not be an adequate remedy and (b) in the event of a breach or a threatened breach by Buyer of any such obligations, MRP shall, in addition to any and all other rights and remedies that may be available to MRP at law, at equity, or otherwise in respect of such breach, be entitled to equitable relief, including a temporary restraining order, an injunction, specific performance, and any other relief that may be available from a court of competent jurisdiction, without any requirement to post a bond or other security, and without any requirement to prove actual damages or that monetary damages will not afford an adequate remedy. Buyer agrees that Buyer will not oppose or otherwise challenge the appropriateness of equitable relief or the entry by a court of competent jurisdiction of an order granting equitable relief, in either case, consistent with the terms of this Section 15.

        16.  INDEMNIFICATION. Buyer agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless MRP and its directors, shareholders, employees and agents (collectively, “MRP Indemnitees”) against any liability, damage, loss or expense incurred by or imposed in connection with any claims, suits, actions, demands or judgments arising out of (a) any breach or non-fulfillment of any representation, warranty or covenant set forth in this Agreement by Buyer or its directors, managers, employees or agents (collectively, “Buyer’s Agents”); (b) any negligent act or omission or willful misconduct of Buyer or Buyer’s Agents in connection with this Agreement; (c) any bodily injury, death of any person or damage to real or tangible personal property caused by Buyer or Buyer’s Agents, including the use of unauthorized parts in or service of the Equipment; (d) any failure by Buyer or Buyer’s Agents to comply with any applicable laws; (e) any fraud or other intentional acts by Buyer or Buyer’s Agents; and (f) the use or operation of the Equipment, including, without limitation, any medical and/or surgical procedures performed by Buyer, and any of Buyer’s Agents, using the Equipment unless said damages are determined by a court of competence jurisdiction to be solely by the gross negligence of MRP or solely as result of a breach by MRP of the limited warranties contained herein.

        17.  DEFAULTS; REMEDIES. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, should Buyer fail to pay for the order or any other amount, in whole or in part, when due or perform its other obligations under this Agreement or as otherwise mutually agreed in writing between Buyer and MRP (each, a “Default”), then MRP may take any and all actions available under law or equity to collect said amounts with a ten (10) day prior written notice, including, but not limited to, enforcing its security interest, accelerating the payment of and declaring immediately due and payable any unpaid balance of the order, referral to outside collection agencies and/or commencement of legal action. MRP’s rights shall be cumulative, and it shall not be required to have attempted to realize upon to the Equipment before taking any other collection actions. MRP may require that Buyer assemble and return any or all of the Equipment to MRP and, in the event Buyer fails to return such Equipment peaceably, enter upon the premises where such Equipment is located, with or without legal process, and repossess such Equipment. Upon a Default, Buyer agrees to pay upon MRP’s demand: (i) all costs and expenses incurred by MRP or its assignee in connection with the enforcement of any remedies, including all expenses incurred in connection with the return, sale, release or other disposition of the Equipment, including attorneys’ fees and other costs incurred by MRP or its assignee in enforcing or defending its rights and remedies under this Agreement and any other written agreement between Buyer and MRP.

        18.  COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS. Buyer shall (a) carry out the transactions contemplated by this sale and deal with the Equipment in conformity with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of all government authorities, including, without limitation, export laws, (b) obtain all permits and licenses required in connection with the purchase, shipment, installation or use of the Equipment, and (c) be solely responsible to fully understand and comply with laws, rules and regulations. Any information provided is as a convenience only.

        19.  FURTHER ASSURANCES. Upon MRP’s reasonable request, Buyer shall, at its sole cost and expense, execute and deliver all such further documents and instruments, and take all such further acts, necessary to give full effect to this Agreement.

        20.  ASSIGNMENT; SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. Buyer cannot delegate any duties nor assign any rights or claims under this Agreement without MRP’s prior written consent, and any such attempt or assignment shall be void. In the event that Buyer finances its acquisition of any Equipment with a third party, Buyer may direct MRP to transfer title of such Equipment to such third-party financing company, with all remaining terms and conditions of this Agreement remaining in full force and effect. This Agreement is binding on and inures to the benefit of the parties to this Agreement and their respective permitted successors and permitted assigns.

        21.  NO THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARIES. Subject to Section 16, this Agreement benefits solely the parties to this Agreement and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, confers on any other person any legal or equitable right, benefit, or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

        22.  GOVERNING LAW; VENUE. The application of the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. The parties agree that any and all claims, demands, disagreements, controversies or disputes arising out of or relating to this Agreement and any agreement or document delivered in connection herewith (collectively, “Claims”) shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Utah and adjudicated exclusively in the state and federal courts located in or nearest to Summit County, Utah, which courts shall have the sole and exclusive jurisdiction and venue for adjudication of all Claims. The parties hereby agree upon, consent and stipulate to the jurisdiction and venue of the aforementioned courts for the adjudication of all Claims, to the exclusion of all other courts, forums and venues whatsoever.

        23.  NON-DISPARAGEMENT. Buyer shall not disparage MRP or MRP’s trademarks, websites, products or services, or display any such items in a derogatory or negative manner on any website or in any public forum or press release.

        24.  NOTICES. Any notice, demand, or communication required, permitted or desired to be given hereunder shall be deemed effectively given when personally delivered, when sent by electronic means, when received by overnight courier, or when mailed by prepaid, certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the other party at its address set forth on the Quote or to such other address that the receiving party may designate from time to time in accordance with this Section 25.

        25.  PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENTS. Unless otherwise stated herein, neither party shall issue a press release or otherwise advertise, make a public statement or disclose to any third-party information pertaining to the relationship arising under this Agreement, the existence or terms of this Agreement, the underlying transactions between MRP and Buyer or agent for Buyer or refer to the other party in relation to this Agreement without the other party’s prior written approval.

        26.  ENTIRE AGREEMENT; ADDITIONAL OR INCONSISTENT TERMS. Subject to Section 32, this Agreement constitutes the sole and entire agreement between the parties hereto relating to the subject matter hereof, and any unincorporated representation, affirmation of fact, course of prior dealings, promise or condition in connection therewith, or usage of the trade, shall not be binding on either party. Terms and conditions set forth which differ from, conflict with or are not included in this Agreement shall not be part of any agreement between MRP and Buyer unless both parties specifically accept such terms and conditions in writing.

        27.  WAIVER. No waiver under this Agreement is effective unless it is in writing and signed by the party waiving its right. Any waiver authorized on one occasion is effective only in that instance and only for the purpose stated and does not operate as a waiver on any future occasion. None of the following constitutes a waiver or estoppel of any right, remedy, power, privilege or condition arising from this Agreement: any failure or delay in exercising any right, remedy, power or privilege or in enforcing any condition under this Agreement; or any act, omission or course of dealing between the parties.

        28.  SURVIVAL. Subject to the limitations and other provisions of this Agreement, the representations and warranties of Buyer contained herein shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Agreement for a period of twelve (12) months after such expiration o termination and (b) this Section 29 and Sections 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, and 32 of this Agreement, as well as any other provision that, in order to give proper effect to its intent, should survive such expiration or termination, shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Agreement. All other provisions of this Agreement shall not survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Agreement.

        29.  RELATIONSHIP OF PARTIES. Nothing in this Agreement creates any agency, joint venture, partnership or other form of joint enterprise, employment or fiduciary relationship between the parties. Neither party has any express or implied right or authority to assume or create any obligations on behalf of or in the name of the other party or to bind the other party to any contract, agreement or undertaking with any third party.

        30.  HEADINGS. The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.

        31.  ORDER OF PRECEDENCE. In the event of conflict between the Quote, a written agreement by MRP, and these Terms, the order of priority shall be: (1) the written

agreement by MRP, if only if executed by an MRP Officer, (2) the Quote and (3) these Terms, and only to the extent of the direct conflict. Notwithstanding the foregoing, MRP shall not be bound by, and specifically objects to, any terms, conditions or other provisions, both written and oral, which are different from, in addition to or inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement which are set forth in any purchase order, receipt, acceptance, confirmation, correspondence or otherwise of, or by, Buyer. Fulfillment of Buyer’s order shall not constitute acceptance of any of Buyer’s terms and conditions and does not serve to modify or amend the terms and conditions contained herein.

        32.  SEVERABILITY. If any part of this Agreement is held to be void, illegal or unenforceable, then it shall be deemed to be severed from this Agreement and the remaining provisions shall continue in full force and effect; provided, however, that if any fundamental term or provision of this Agreement is held to be void, illegal or unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement shall be unenforceable. Upon a determination that any term or provision is void, illegal or unenforceable, the parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in order that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.