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How Can Clinics Diagnose and Address Laser Arcing Safely?

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A laser arcing sound or high-voltage error usually indicates an abnormal discharge, insulation breakdown, contaminated high-voltage path, failing power supply, damaged cable, or a problem inside the laser head. Clinics should stop clinical use immediately and have the system assessed by a manufacturer-trained service engineer or qualified biomedical engineer. Replacing Teflon or another insulating component without identifying the underlying fault can cause repeat arcing, equipment damage, fire, or lethal shock.

What Does High-Voltage Arcing Mean Inside a Medical Laser?

High-voltage arcing is an unintended electrical discharge across an insulating gap or along a conductive path. In a medical laser, it can occur in the pulsing chamber, flashlamp or resonator assembly, power-supply section, cable termination, connector, feedthrough, or contaminated surface, depending on the device architecture and pulse energy.

A pulsed laser stores electrical energy and releases it through a controlled discharge. The design depends on insulation, spacing, dielectric materials, grounding, switching components, and carefully controlled charging and triggering. When insulation loses dielectric strength, the electric field can ionize air or create a conductive path through or across a material.

Operators may report:

  • A sharp crack, snap, or repeated popping sound.

  • A visible flash inside the housing or laser head.

  • A high-voltage, charge, pulse, or arc fault message.

  • Failure to reach the expected charge state.

  • Inconsistent pulse delivery or an interrupted treatment.

  • A burnt odor, discoloration, soot, melted polymer, or carbon tracking.

  • Increased error frequency as the device warms.

  • A fault that appears only at higher energy or repetition rates.

The sound alone does not identify the failed component. A power supply may arc because its transformer, capacitor, switch, or insulation is failing. A damaged cable may arc because of abrasion or contamination. A laser head may arc because of a degraded feedthrough, cracked ceramic, damaged PTFE or other polymer insulation, moisture, residue, or an internal alignment problem.

The clinic should treat a repeated arc as a potentially escalating fault, not as a nuisance error to be cleared. Each discharge can leave carbonized tracking or heat damage that lowers the insulation margin and makes a later discharge more likely.

How Should a Clinic Respond to a Laser Arcing Error?

A clinic should stop treatment, remove the device from clinical service, isolate it according to its approved hazardous-energy procedure, and contact qualified service support. Staff should not open the enclosure, probe the high-voltage section, discharge capacitors manually, bypass interlocks, or replace insulation unless specifically trained and authorized for that exact platform.

The immediate response should be controlled and documented:

  1. Stop the procedure and place the system in its manufacturer-approved shutdown state.

  2. Keep staff and patients away from the device if smoke, heat, odor, or visible damage is present.

  3. Apply the facility’s lockout or tagout process when service access is required.

  4. Record the exact error, timing, treatment mode, energy setting, repetition rate, and environmental conditions.

  5. Photograph external damage only if doing so does not require opening the equipment.

  6. Preserve the error log and do not repeatedly restart the device to “see whether it clears.”

  7. Notify the medical director, practice manager, LSO where applicable, and service provider.

  8. Document whether a patient, operator, or bystander was exposed to light, smoke, heat, or electrical energy.

High-voltage laser systems may retain hazardous stored energy after disconnection. OSHA’s hazardous-energy principles require appropriate isolation, control of residual energy, verification, and trained authorized personnel. The exact process must follow the manufacturer’s service documentation and the clinic’s electrical-safety program.

If the device is under warranty, third-party opening or modification may affect coverage. The clinic should contact the authorized service channel before authorizing an independent repair, unless there is an urgent safety reason requiring emergency intervention.

ALLWILL can help coordinate a service evaluation, condition review, warranty inquiry, or replacement-device discussion when a clinic needs to remove a high-value laser from operation without making an unsupported repair decision.

Which Faults Commonly Cause Arcing in Laser Pulsing Chambers?

Common causes include insulation degradation, contamination, moisture, carbon tracking, damaged feedthroughs, high-voltage cable defects, capacitor or switch failure, incorrect assembly, excessive voltage demand, and internal component aging. The actual fault depends on the laser’s pulse architecture, energy storage design, cooling system, and manufacturer-specific head construction.

A qualified engineer will usually consider several fault domains.

Insulation and dielectric materials

PTFE, ceramic, polymer, epoxy, silicone, and other insulating materials can lose performance through heat, chemical exposure, mechanical stress, contamination, aging, or surface tracking. “Teflon” is often used informally to describe PTFE, but a replacement must match the original material’s electrical, thermal, dimensional, and mechanical requirements.

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A visually intact insulator may still fail under operating voltage. Conversely, a visibly discolored component may be a symptom rather than the original cause. Replacing the part without determining why the electric field exceeded its margin can produce a short-lived repair.

Contamination and moisture

Dust, treatment residue, conductive deposits, condensation, and cleaning-fluid migration can reduce surface insulation resistance. Contamination may create a preferential path along a ceramic, polymer, connector, or chamber wall. A device operating in a humid environment may show faults that are intermittent or temperature-dependent.

Cleaning chemicals must never be introduced into a high-voltage assembly unless the manufacturer specifies the product, application method, drying time, and requalification process.

High-voltage cables and terminations

Cable jackets, strain reliefs, connectors, crimp points, and feedthroughs can develop cracks, pinches, tracking, or looseness. Movement during transport or service may damage a termination that previously appeared normal. A cable that arcs to chassis can also damage the power supply or grounding path.

Power-supply and pulse-forming components

A failed capacitor, transformer, switch, trigger circuit, or current-limiting component can create abnormal voltage or current conditions. In that situation, the laser head insulation may be the location where the arc becomes visible, while the power-supply fault remains the root cause.

Thermal and optical stress

Poor cooling, blocked airflow, degraded coolant, or misalignment can raise local temperature and accelerate insulation failure. Optical damage may also create heat or energy deposition near an area not designed to tolerate it. The service engineer should evaluate thermal history and pulse behavior, not only the visibly damaged insulator.

Why Is Replacing Teflon Insulation Not a Complete Repair?

Replacing Teflon or PTFE insulation is not a complete repair unless the engineer verifies the material specification, identifies the initiating fault, inspects related components, and completes the manufacturer-required electrical, functional, and safety tests. The correct replacement may be ceramic, engineered polymer, a molded assembly, or a manufacturer-specific part rather than generic sheet or tubing.

The part must match more than its appearance. Relevant characteristics may include:

  • Dielectric strength and insulation resistance.

  • Creepage and clearance dimensions.

  • Temperature rating and thermal expansion.

  • Mechanical compression and fit.

  • Surface finish and contamination resistance.

  • Compatibility with coolant, cleaning agents, and chamber materials.

  • Flashover and corona behavior.

  • Tolerance, torque, sealing, and alignment requirements.

An improvised repair using tape, generic tubing, adhesive, or an unverified polymer can create a hidden failure mode. It may alter clearances, trap moisture, introduce outgassing, obstruct cooling, or place stress on a ceramic feedthrough.

The engineer should also inspect the surrounding area for carbon tracks. Carbonized paths can remain conductive even after the original contamination is removed. Damaged mating surfaces, terminals, potting compounds, cable insulation, and grounding points may need replacement or approved remediation.

A proper repair record should identify the failed component, suspected cause, parts used, service procedure, test equipment, test results, and release decision. The record should not simply say “insulation replaced.”

What Does High-Voltage Arcing Do to Uptime and Asset Value?

High-voltage arcing can reduce uptime disproportionately because one intermittent fault may cause repeated aborted treatments, service visits, replacement parts, calibration delays, and uncertainty about whether the laser is safe to return to clinical use. Repeated arcing can damage adjacent components and reduce the value of a device if its service history is incomplete.

The operational consequences can include:

  • Cancelled or rescheduled patient appointments.

  • Lost use of a treatment room.

  • Emergency rental or replacement-equipment costs.

  • Expedited freight and specialist travel.

  • Unplanned power-supply or laser-head replacement.

  • Delayed preventive maintenance.

  • Warranty disputes.

  • Incomplete treatment documentation.

  • Lower resale or trade-in confidence.

A clinic should track the total interruption cost rather than focusing only on the price of an insulating component. A small part may require a large service event if access is difficult, alignment is sensitive, or the unit must be returned to a regional depot.

Before approving repair, management should compare:

  • Diagnostic cost.

  • Expected repair cost and parts availability.

  • Remaining service life.

  • Warranty coverage.

  • Recent maintenance history.

  • Device utilization and treatment demand.

  • Availability of a loaner or replacement unit.

  • Cost and lead time for a new or certified pre-owned alternative.

CPO equipment should be evaluated transparently. A CPO laser may be a practical replacement or redundancy option, but buyers should request the unit’s serial number, inspection scope, refurbishment details, pulse or usage history where available, included accessories, software status, warranty, and regulatory documentation.

Request a quote from ALLWILL for a replacement, trade-in, or certified pre-owned option while the failed device is undergoing technical evaluation. The correct commercial decision may be repair, replacement, or a staged backup strategy rather than an automatic component swap.

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Which BME Technical Maintenance Checklist Should Be Used?

A biomedical engineering checklist should verify safety isolation, fault evidence, insulation condition, associated high-voltage components, pulse performance, cooling, grounding, and post-repair validation. It should be completed only by personnel qualified for the specific medical laser platform and should follow the manufacturer’s service manual and approved test limits.

Maintenance area What to verify Required record or release evidence
Device identification Model, serial number, configuration, software, pulse module, and service history Asset record and work-order reference
Fault capture Error code, audio or visual symptoms, operating mode, energy, repetition rate, and temperature Operator report and preserved error log
Hazardous energy Shutdown, isolation, residual-energy control, and zero-energy verification per approved procedure Lockout or tagout record
External condition Cables, connectors, housing, grounding, vents, cooling lines, and signs of heat or contamination Inspection photographs and findings
High-voltage path Power supply, cables, terminals, feedthroughs, capacitor assemblies, and pulse components Qualified inspection report
Insulation system Correct material, dimensions, clearances, surface condition, tracking, cracks, and contamination Part identification and replacement rationale
Root-cause review Electrical, thermal, mechanical, environmental, and assembly contributors Root-cause statement with unresolved risks
Repair control Approved parts, service procedure, torque or fit requirements, and configuration control Parts list and technician sign-off
Electrical testing Manufacturer-specified insulation, leakage, grounding, and safety tests Measured results against approved limits
Functional testing Charge, pulse, error behavior, output verification, cooling, interlocks, and emergency controls Functional test report
Clinical release Safety review, calibration status, operator notification, and return-to-service authorization Signed release by qualified service authority

This checklist is a maintenance-control aid, not permission for unqualified personnel to perform high-voltage work. Test voltages, discharge methods, insulation thresholds, pulse limits, and calibration procedures must come from the specific manufacturer’s documentation or an authorized service protocol.

How Should Clinics Validate a Laser After Repair?

Clinics should validate a repaired laser through documented electrical-safety testing, functional testing, output or pulse verification, interlock checks, cooling assessment, and review of the manufacturer’s return-to-service requirements. The device should not return to patient use because it powers on or completes one test pulse.

The service provider should determine which tests apply. Depending on the platform, validation may include:

  • Protective-earth and leakage-current checks.

  • Insulation or dielectric testing using approved methods.

  • High-voltage supply stability.

  • Pulse-forming and trigger performance.

  • Laser output or energy verification.

  • Beam-delivery or handpiece inspection.

  • Cooling-flow and temperature monitoring.

  • Door, key, footswitch, emergency-stop, and interlock operation.

  • Error-log review under controlled conditions.

  • Calibration status and measurement-equipment traceability.

The clinic should ask for the test results, not merely a statement that the unit “passed.” Any test performed with a temporary configuration, bypassed safety feature, or substituted component should be clearly disclosed.

A post-repair observation period may be appropriate when the original fault was intermittent. The service provider should define the conditions for monitoring and what symptoms require immediate withdrawal from service. Operators should be briefed on the repair, any changed startup checks, and the exact escalation route.

The medical director or designated equipment owner should authorize return to clinical operation after the technical release is complete. If the fault involved a patient incident or suspected exposure, clinical evaluation and incident reporting must proceed independently of the equipment repair.

What Compliance and Asset Records Should Be Preserved?

Clinics should preserve the original error report, service documentation, component information, test results, calibration evidence, warranty correspondence, incident records, and return-to-service approval. These records demonstrate controlled maintenance and help future engineers determine whether the failure was isolated, recurring, or associated with a broader device problem.

The asset file should include:

  • Purchase, lease, or transfer documents.

  • Manufacturer and model information.

  • Serial number and configuration.

  • Regulatory status relevant to the operating market.

  • Installation and acceptance records.

  • Preventive-maintenance schedule.

  • Service reports and replaced-part records.

  • Electrical-safety and output-test results.

  • Operator and service training records.

  • Warranty terms and exclusions.

  • Incident, complaint, or near-miss reports.

  • Relocation, trade-in, or disposal documentation.

FDA regulations and radiation-emitting-product requirements may impose responsibilities on manufacturers and service organizations, while clinic obligations also depend on facility policies and jurisdiction. Buyers should verify current requirements for the specific device and market rather than relying on a generic statement that a laser is “FDA approved.”

ALLWILL can facilitate a verified equipment history, CPO inspection summary, warranty review, service coordination, or replacement sourcing discussion. Buyers should confirm authenticity, regulatory status, condition, and support commitments in writing before approving a high-value repair or acquisition.

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What Repair Risks Should Laser Clinics Avoid?

Laser clinics should avoid live troubleshooting by unqualified personnel, repeated fault resets, generic insulation substitutions, undocumented repairs, bypassed interlocks, and return to service without measured validation. These shortcuts can convert a repairable fault into a larger failure and may expose staff, patients, and the clinic to avoidable safety and liability risk.

The most serious procurement and maintenance mistakes include:

  • Asking general maintenance staff to open a high-voltage laser head.

  • Treating a crackling sound as a normal operating characteristic.

  • Continuing treatment after an arc because the output appears acceptable.

  • Replacing PTFE or another insulator without checking its specification.

  • Ignoring carbon tracking, moisture, contamination, or grounding problems.

  • Using unapproved parts or modifying clearances.

  • Accepting a service invoice without test results.

  • Failing to document the exact fault conditions.

  • Allowing a warranty repair to be performed outside approved channels.

  • Purchasing a CPO replacement without reviewing inspection and warranty records.

  • Assuming an error code identifies the failed component.

  • Omitting the repaired device from the next preventive-maintenance review.

A disciplined escalation path protects both the asset and the clinic: stop use, isolate safely, capture evidence, obtain qualified diagnosis, compare repair and replacement options, validate the work, and document the release decision.

ALLWILL Expert View

An arcing laser should be managed as a safety and asset-protection event, not simply as a failed consumable. The visible damage may be a degraded insulating ring, but the initiating cause could be a power-supply fault, contamination, thermal stress, cable failure, or a clearance problem. Replacing one component without verifying the complete high-voltage path can create a repeat failure and weaken the clinic’s warranty position. Procurement leaders should ask for a written root-cause assessment, approved part identification, test results, and return-to-service authorization. If the repair estimate approaches a material portion of the device’s supported value, compare it with a documented CPO or new replacement option. That comparison should include downtime, warranty, service geography, accessories, training, and expected support—not only the quoted repair line. A trustworthy sourcing partner will present those trade-offs clearly and will not describe a high-voltage repair as routine when the evidence is incomplete.

The next decision is to provide the service provider with the complete fault history and request a written diagnosis before authorizing component replacement. Request a quote from ALLWILL for current replacement availability, CPO inspection documentation, warranty options, trade-in evaluation, and global service support.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a clinic keep using a laser after one arcing sound?
No. A single arc may indicate an intermittent or developing fault, and repeated operation can worsen insulation or power-supply damage. Stop clinical use, document the conditions, and arrange qualified service evaluation. Do not repeatedly reset the device or open the housing to investigate.

Is replacing Teflon insulation a standard laser repair?
It may be part of a repair on some platforms, but it is not universally applicable and should not be treated as a generic procedure. The replacement must match the original material and geometry, and the underlying electrical, thermal, contamination, and clearance causes must also be evaluated.

How long does high-voltage laser repair take?
Lead time varies by model, parts availability, service location, fault complexity, and whether the laser head or power supply must be returned to a depot. A basic diagnosis may take less time than parts procurement or post-repair validation. Ask for a written estimate and return-to-service criteria.

Should a clinic repair or replace an arcing aesthetic laser?
Compare the repair estimate with remaining service life, warranty, downtime, parts availability, utilization, and replacement options. A documented CPO unit may provide a different capital path, but buyers should verify condition, testing, serial number, regulatory status, and warranty in writing before purchase.

Can ALLWILL help source a replacement while a laser is being repaired?
ALLWILL can help compare new and certified pre-owned availability, inspection documentation, warranty, trade-in, and support options. The appropriate choice depends on the device, market, configuration, and urgency. Request a quote from ALLWILL for a documented replacement assessment.

References

  1. Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)osha

  2. Radiological Health Regulations; Amendments to Records and Reports Requirementsfda

  3. IEC 60601-2-22:2019iecee

  4. OSHA Technical Manual: Laser Hazardsosha

  5. Medical Lasersfda

  6. Laser Products and Instrumentsfda

  7. Transient Laser-Induced Breakdown of Dielectrics in High-Intensity Laser Fieldslink.aps

  8. Laser-Induced Breakdownrp-photonics

  9. Laser Safety Manualehs.illinoisstate

  10. Shining a Light on Medical Laser Training and Repair24x7mag

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(d) Exclusions. MRP reserves the right, without liability, to void all warranties and remedies, including any obligation to service, repair, replace or otherwise remedy defects, errors or failures of the Equipment due to the occurrence of any of these events, and MRP shall be in no way responsible for: (i) handling, maintenance or use in a manner that is inconsistent with and/or contrary to the original manufacturer’s or MRP’s recommended procedures and/or instructions, including, without limitation, use of or with an unauthorized third-party good or part; (ii) any failure or damage resulting from negligence, alteration, modification or relocation of the Equipment by Buyer, its employees, agents or representatives; (iii) attempted or actual unauthorized dismantling, disassembling, service, repair, addition or change of the Equipment, including, without limitation, changing the serial number or shot count; (iv) abnormal wear and tear, including, without limitation, use under abnormal conditions (e.g., unclean, dusty, or exposure to extreme electromagnetic radiation, temperature or humidity); or (v) damage or failure of the Equipment due to a Force Majeure Event or a problem in the premises of the Equipment. In any of the above situations, or for any Equipment that has no warranty, MRP has sole discretion to service the Equipment, at Buyer’s expense, at MRP’s then-in-effect rates for service, labor, travel, shipping and materials.

(e) Notice and Inspection. The limited warranties contained in this Section 8 are made on condition that immediate written notice of any noncompliance with the Equipment’s and/or the Service’s warranty be given to MRP, and provided that MRP’s inspection reveals that Buyer’s claim is valid under the terms of such warranty.

        9.  DISCLAIMERS; NO OTHER WARRANTY. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 8(c)(i)(D), BUYER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT MRP IS NOT BOUND BY ANY WARRANTY THAT MAY BE SET FORTH IN A MANUFACTURER’S WRITTEN MATERIALS THAT WOULD HAVE APPLIED HAD BUYER PURCHASED THE EQUIPMENT DIRECTLY FROM THE MANUFACTURER IN ITS UNUSED STATE. BUYER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT BUYER HAS NOT RELIED UPON ANY WARRANTY OTHER THAN AS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT. IN ADDITION, BUYER ALSO HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY ORAL OR WRITTEN STATEMENTS CONCERNING USE AND REGULATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES SOLD BY MRP ARE AND SHALL BE CONSTRUED AS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OR ASSURANCE BY MRP AS TO THEIR ACCURACY OR VALIDITY. MRP ALSO HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES REGARDING OTHER MEDICAL CARE OR HELP, INCLUDING THE SELECTION OF AESTHETIC AND MEDICAL PROCEDURES AND PRODUCTS FOR, OR CARE OF, PATIENTS. THE LIMITED WARRANTIES OF THIS AGREEMENT, IF APPLICABLE TO ANY EQUIPMENT OR SERVICE FURNISHED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, CONSTITUTE THE ONLY WARRANTIES MADE WITH RESPECT TO THE EQUIPMENT AND/OR SERVICE AND ANY DEFECT, DEFICIENCY OR NONCONFORMITY. TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, SUCH WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED BY LAW, COURSE OF DEALING, COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, USAGE OF TRADE OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, TITLE, NONINFRINGEMENT OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

        10.  LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS AGREEMENT, UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL MRP BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, ARISING FROM, RELATED TO OR CAUSED, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, WHETHER FORESEEABLE OR NOT, BY THE EQUIPMENT AND/OR THE SERVICES, THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE EQUIPMENT, THE RESULTS GENERATED FROM THE EQUIPMENT AND/OR THE SERVICES, THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER ACT OR OMISSION OF MRP, OR BASED UPON ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY. IN NO EVENT SHALL MRP BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSSES OF REVENUE, USE, BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY, PROFIT, SAVINGS OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES DUE TO ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER, EVEN IF MRP OR ITS AGENTS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. THE FOREGOING IS A SEPARATE, ESSENTIAL TERM OF THIS AGREEMENT, AND SHALL BE EFFECTIVE UPON THE FAILURE OF ANY REMEDY, EXCLUSIVE OR NOT. IN NO EVENT WILL MRP’S TOTAL LIABILITY UNDER THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE ACTUALLY PAID TO MRP BY BUYER FOR THE EQUIPMENT AND/OR THE SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM FOR WHICH DAMAGES ARE BEING SOUGHT. NO SUIT OR ACTION MAY BE BROUGHT BY BUYER, ITS SHAREHOLDERS, DIRECTORS, MANAGERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS FOR ANY BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT MORE THAN ONE (1) YEAR AFTER THE ACCRUAL OF SUCH CAUSE OF ACTION. IT IS AGREED THAT MRP’S LIABILITY IS SO LIMITED. WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF THE FOREGOING, BUYER ASSUMES ALL RISK AND LIABILITY FOR THE RESULTS OBTAINED BY THE USE OF ANY EQUIPMENT IN THE PRACTICE OF ANY PROCESS, WHETHER IN TERMS OF OPERATING COSTS, GENERAL EFFECTIVENESS, SUCCESS OR FAILURE, AND REGARDLESS OF ANY ORAL OR WRITTEN STATEMENTS MADE BY MRP, BY WAY OF TECHNICAL ADVICE OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE USE OF THE EQUIPMENT.

        11.  BUYER’S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. Buyer represents and warrants to MRP that: (a) Buyer is duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing in the jurisdiction of Buyer’s formation; (b) Buyer is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which such qualification is required; (c) Buyer has the full right, power, and authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform Buyer’s obligations under this Agreement; (d) the execution of this Agreement by the person whose signature is set forth at the end hereof has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of Buyer; (e) when executed and delivered by each of MRP and Buyer, this Agreement will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of Buyer, enforceable against Buyer in accordance with its terms; (f) Buyer is in compliance with all applicable laws relating to this Agreement, the Equipment and the operation of Buyer’s business; (g) Buyer is not insolvent and is paying all of its debts as they become due; and (h) all financial information that Buyer has provided to MRP is true and accurate and fairly represents Buyer’s financial condition.

        12. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS.

(a) Ownership. No sale shall be construed as granting to Buyer any license or other right in, or to, any of MRP’s (i) patents; (ii) trademarks; (iii) internet domain names, whether or not trademarks, registered by any authorized private registrar or governmental authority, web addresses, web pages, websites and URLs; (iv) works of authorship, expressions, designs and design registrations, whether or not copyrightable, including copyrights and copyrightable works, software and firmware, technical data, data files, and databases and other specifications and documentation; (v) trade secrets; (vi) environmental or other testing applicable to the Equipment and/or the Services; and (vii) industrial and other intellectual property rights, and all rights, interests, and protections that are associated with, equivalent or similar to, or required for the exercise of, any of the foregoing, however arising, in each case whether registered or unregistered and including all registrations and applications for, and renewals or extensions of, such rights or forms of protection pursuant to the laws of any jurisdiction throughout in any part of the world (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”).

(b) Prohibited Acts. Buyer shall not (i) take any action that might interfere with any of MRP’s rights in or to Intellectual Property Rights, including MRP’s ownership or exercise thereof; (ii) challenge any right, title, or interest of MRP in or to the Intellectual Property Rights; (iii) make any claim or take any action adverse to MRP’s ownership of the Intellectual Property Rights; (iv) register or apply for registrations, anywhere in the world, for MRP’s trademarks or any other trademark that is similar to MRP’s trademarks or that incorporates MRP’s trademarks in whole or in confusingly similar part; (v) use any mark, anywhere that is confusingly

similar to MRP’s trademarks in whole or in confusingly similar part; (vi) engage in any action that tends to disparage, dilute the value of or reflect negatively on the Equipment and/or the Services or any of MRP’s trademarks; (vii) misappropriate any of MRP’s trademarks for use as a domain name without prior written consent from MRP; or (viii) alter, obscure or remove any of MRP’s trademarks, or trademark or copyright notices or any other proprietary rights notices placed on the

Equipment, marketing materials or other materials that MRP may provide.

        13.  CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. Without the prior written consent of MRP,Buyer, directly or indirectly, shall not disclose (and will direct its directors, shareholders, employees and agents not to disclose) any Confidential Information. The term “Confidential Information” means any information of or relating to MRP or the Equipment and/or the Services not generally known to the public (other than as a result of disclosure in violation of this Agreement) in spoken, printed, electronic or any other form or medium, including, but not limited to, business processes, practices, methods, policies, plans, publications, documents, research, operations, services, strategies, techniques, agreements, contracts, transactions, potential transactions, know-how, trade secrets, databases, manuals, records, supplier information, financial information, accounting information, legal information, marketing information, pricing information, payroll information, personnel information, and supplier lists.

        14.  NON-SOLICITATION. Buyer agrees not to solicit or hire any personnel of MRP involved with the delivery of the Services during the provision of such Services and for twelve (12) months after the completion of such Services; provided, however, that Buyer may hire individuals employed by MRP who, without other solicitation, respond to advertisements or solicitations aimed at the general public.

        15.  EQUITABLE REMEDIES. Buyer acknowledges and agrees that (a) a breach or threatened breach by Buyer of any of its obligations under Sections 13 or 14 would give rise to irreparable harm to MRP for which monetary damages would not be an adequate remedy and (b) in the event of a breach or a threatened breach by Buyer of any such obligations, MRP shall, in addition to any and all other rights and remedies that may be available to MRP at law, at equity, or otherwise in respect of such breach, be entitled to equitable relief, including a temporary restraining order, an injunction, specific performance, and any other relief that may be available from a court of competent jurisdiction, without any requirement to post a bond or other security, and without any requirement to prove actual damages or that monetary damages will not afford an adequate remedy. Buyer agrees that Buyer will not oppose or otherwise challenge the appropriateness of equitable relief or the entry by a court of competent jurisdiction of an order granting equitable relief, in either case, consistent with the terms of this Section 15.

        16.  INDEMNIFICATION. Buyer agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless MRP and its directors, shareholders, employees and agents (collectively, “MRP Indemnitees”) against any liability, damage, loss or expense incurred by or imposed in connection with any claims, suits, actions, demands or judgments arising out of (a) any breach or non-fulfillment of any representation, warranty or covenant set forth in this Agreement by Buyer or its directors, managers, employees or agents (collectively, “Buyer’s Agents”); (b) any negligent act or omission or willful misconduct of Buyer or Buyer’s Agents in connection with this Agreement; (c) any bodily injury, death of any person or damage to real or tangible personal property caused by Buyer or Buyer’s Agents, including the use of unauthorized parts in or service of the Equipment; (d) any failure by Buyer or Buyer’s Agents to comply with any applicable laws; (e) any fraud or other intentional acts by Buyer or Buyer’s Agents; and (f) the use or operation of the Equipment, including, without limitation, any medical and/or surgical procedures performed by Buyer, and any of Buyer’s Agents, using the Equipment unless said damages are determined by a court of competence jurisdiction to be solely by the gross negligence of MRP or solely as result of a breach by MRP of the limited warranties contained herein.

        17.  DEFAULTS; REMEDIES. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, should Buyer fail to pay for the order or any other amount, in whole or in part, when due or perform its other obligations under this Agreement or as otherwise mutually agreed in writing between Buyer and MRP (each, a “Default”), then MRP may take any and all actions available under law or equity to collect said amounts with a ten (10) day prior written notice, including, but not limited to, enforcing its security interest, accelerating the payment of and declaring immediately due and payable any unpaid balance of the order, referral to outside collection agencies and/or commencement of legal action. MRP’s rights shall be cumulative, and it shall not be required to have attempted to realize upon to the Equipment before taking any other collection actions. MRP may require that Buyer assemble and return any or all of the Equipment to MRP and, in the event Buyer fails to return such Equipment peaceably, enter upon the premises where such Equipment is located, with or without legal process, and repossess such Equipment. Upon a Default, Buyer agrees to pay upon MRP’s demand: (i) all costs and expenses incurred by MRP or its assignee in connection with the enforcement of any remedies, including all expenses incurred in connection with the return, sale, release or other disposition of the Equipment, including attorneys’ fees and other costs incurred by MRP or its assignee in enforcing or defending its rights and remedies under this Agreement and any other written agreement between Buyer and MRP.

        18.  COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS. Buyer shall (a) carry out the transactions contemplated by this sale and deal with the Equipment in conformity with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of all government authorities, including, without limitation, export laws, (b) obtain all permits and licenses required in connection with the purchase, shipment, installation or use of the Equipment, and (c) be solely responsible to fully understand and comply with laws, rules and regulations. Any information provided is as a convenience only.

        19.  FURTHER ASSURANCES. Upon MRP’s reasonable request, Buyer shall, at its sole cost and expense, execute and deliver all such further documents and instruments, and take all such further acts, necessary to give full effect to this Agreement.

        20.  ASSIGNMENT; SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. Buyer cannot delegate any duties nor assign any rights or claims under this Agreement without MRP’s prior written consent, and any such attempt or assignment shall be void. In the event that Buyer finances its acquisition of any Equipment with a third party, Buyer may direct MRP to transfer title of such Equipment to such third-party financing company, with all remaining terms and conditions of this Agreement remaining in full force and effect. This Agreement is binding on and inures to the benefit of the parties to this Agreement and their respective permitted successors and permitted assigns.

        21.  NO THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARIES. Subject to Section 16, this Agreement benefits solely the parties to this Agreement and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, confers on any other person any legal or equitable right, benefit, or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

        22.  GOVERNING LAW; VENUE. The application of the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. The parties agree that any and all claims, demands, disagreements, controversies or disputes arising out of or relating to this Agreement and any agreement or document delivered in connection herewith (collectively, “Claims”) shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Utah and adjudicated exclusively in the state and federal courts located in or nearest to Summit County, Utah, which courts shall have the sole and exclusive jurisdiction and venue for adjudication of all Claims. The parties hereby agree upon, consent and stipulate to the jurisdiction and venue of the aforementioned courts for the adjudication of all Claims, to the exclusion of all other courts, forums and venues whatsoever.

        23.  NON-DISPARAGEMENT. Buyer shall not disparage MRP or MRP’s trademarks, websites, products or services, or display any such items in a derogatory or negative manner on any website or in any public forum or press release.

        24.  NOTICES. Any notice, demand, or communication required, permitted or desired to be given hereunder shall be deemed effectively given when personally delivered, when sent by electronic means, when received by overnight courier, or when mailed by prepaid, certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the other party at its address set forth on the Quote or to such other address that the receiving party may designate from time to time in accordance with this Section 25.

        25.  PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENTS. Unless otherwise stated herein, neither party shall issue a press release or otherwise advertise, make a public statement or disclose to any third-party information pertaining to the relationship arising under this Agreement, the existence or terms of this Agreement, the underlying transactions between MRP and Buyer or agent for Buyer or refer to the other party in relation to this Agreement without the other party’s prior written approval.

        26.  ENTIRE AGREEMENT; ADDITIONAL OR INCONSISTENT TERMS. Subject to Section 32, this Agreement constitutes the sole and entire agreement between the parties hereto relating to the subject matter hereof, and any unincorporated representation, affirmation of fact, course of prior dealings, promise or condition in connection therewith, or usage of the trade, shall not be binding on either party. Terms and conditions set forth which differ from, conflict with or are not included in this Agreement shall not be part of any agreement between MRP and Buyer unless both parties specifically accept such terms and conditions in writing.

        27.  WAIVER. No waiver under this Agreement is effective unless it is in writing and signed by the party waiving its right. Any waiver authorized on one occasion is effective only in that instance and only for the purpose stated and does not operate as a waiver on any future occasion. None of the following constitutes a waiver or estoppel of any right, remedy, power, privilege or condition arising from this Agreement: any failure or delay in exercising any right, remedy, power or privilege or in enforcing any condition under this Agreement; or any act, omission or course of dealing between the parties.

        28.  SURVIVAL. Subject to the limitations and other provisions of this Agreement, the representations and warranties of Buyer contained herein shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Agreement for a period of twelve (12) months after such expiration o termination and (b) this Section 29 and Sections 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, and 32 of this Agreement, as well as any other provision that, in order to give proper effect to its intent, should survive such expiration or termination, shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Agreement. All other provisions of this Agreement shall not survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Agreement.

        29.  RELATIONSHIP OF PARTIES. Nothing in this Agreement creates any agency, joint venture, partnership or other form of joint enterprise, employment or fiduciary relationship between the parties. Neither party has any express or implied right or authority to assume or create any obligations on behalf of or in the name of the other party or to bind the other party to any contract, agreement or undertaking with any third party.

        30.  HEADINGS. The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.

        31.  ORDER OF PRECEDENCE. In the event of conflict between the Quote, a written agreement by MRP, and these Terms, the order of priority shall be: (1) the written

agreement by MRP, if only if executed by an MRP Officer, (2) the Quote and (3) these Terms, and only to the extent of the direct conflict. Notwithstanding the foregoing, MRP shall not be bound by, and specifically objects to, any terms, conditions or other provisions, both written and oral, which are different from, in addition to or inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement which are set forth in any purchase order, receipt, acceptance, confirmation, correspondence or otherwise of, or by, Buyer. Fulfillment of Buyer’s order shall not constitute acceptance of any of Buyer’s terms and conditions and does not serve to modify or amend the terms and conditions contained herein.

        32.  SEVERABILITY. If any part of this Agreement is held to be void, illegal or unenforceable, then it shall be deemed to be severed from this Agreement and the remaining provisions shall continue in full force and effect; provided, however, that if any fundamental term or provision of this Agreement is held to be void, illegal or unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement shall be unenforceable. Upon a determination that any term or provision is void, illegal or unenforceable, the parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in order that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.